Michael Schmiechen, Berlin
Papers on ship powering trials
Further promoting quasi-steady ship powering trials and monitoring
... moved from the 'News flash' 2020.03.17
My offer to evaluate data acquired during quasi-steady propulsion tests
on model and/or full scale is not limited to the
- Colleagues addressed.
Last updates and additions: 2018.03.27
Further to promote quasi-steady model and ship powering tests
and to establish a transparent, sound basis for further research I have
undertaken 'another' rigoros revision of my quasi-steady model test
of 1986. Eliminating stupid mistakes and clumsy, though enlightning
detours I arrived mostly at the same results as before.
The complete worksheets of my sixth revision in PTC Mathcad 15.0
together with some explanatory notes are to found in the following
section and may be accessed via the link
- Further promoting quasi-steady ship powering tests.
The title of the section, 'Very happy end of a very long story', has
evidently been chosen prematurely. There may be no end to that story,
as my work already ongoing shows.
Last updates and additions: 2018.03.17
On a design of a tidal flow turbine
Right after the presentation of a research project concerning the design
of a tidal flow turbine the following correspondence,
- Korrepondenz nach dem Vortrag
took place.
About two weeks later, I have drafted the following contribution to
the discussion of the paper published on the design procedure
- Beitrag zur Diskussion,
based on my related experience concerning the corresponding design of
ducted propulsors. As it happens at my age, both contributions have become
rather historical reviews.
In the meantime a subsequent correspondence,
- Korrespondenz zum Beitrag,
took place.
Last updates and additions: 2018.04.02
Closely related to the former discussion a short note on the
- Bernoulli equation etc
has been drafted.
Last updates and additions: 2019.03.08
On continuing work for the future
In my following
- Mail to Bruce Johnson
and Members of pertinent Committees of the 29th ITTC, to be held
at Nantes in 2020, I have collected remarks on work for the future,
not only of ITTC.
Last updates and additions: 2018.01.06
On ship powering predictions
The following paper
- On ship powering predictions
demonstrates, that the rational theory of hull-propeller interaction
permits adequately to explain the problem of negative roughness
'allowances'.
The following worksheet in PTC Mathcad 15 provides
- Sample results
and substantiates the rules of thumb derived.
Last updates and additions: 2018.03.14
Last updates and additions: 2017.12.21
An explanatory correspondence
Among the many explanatory papers and correspondences
published so far my following
- Correspondence with A. Student
may be enlightening not only for other students.
Last updates and additions: 2017.11.10
Contributions from model basins
Being a perfect contribution to the 3rd INTERACTION the
the following note on the advantages of
- quasi-steady propusion tests
by Michiel Verhulst, published on page 27 in the MARIN report
no. 121 of August 2017, is reproduced here for ready reference.
Further, it is worth noting, that at the forthcoming
112th Annual Meeting of STG at Potsdam, November 2017,
Jan Lassen and Florian Kluwe of HSVA will present the paper
'Sieben auf einen Streich' on resistance tests at constant
acceleration, also taking advantage of quasi-steady testing.
Last updates and additions: 2017.10.25
Draft contributions to the 30th ATTC
The following two documents are a
- Draft paper
and a
- Draft presentation
submitted as contributions to the 30th ATTC, to be held
at the NSWC Carderock, October 03 to 05, 2017.
Both drafts are published here for written discussions and
maybe presentations and oral discussions elsewhere.
Last update and additions: 2017.08.25
According to the recent
- 'Final' correspondence
my drafts have not been accepted for presentation
at the ATTC.
Subsequently the following
- Call for contributions
will distributed at the 28th ITTC held at Wuxi.
Further explanations concerning my drafts
are to be found in
- Another letter
to the Chairman of the 30th ATTC and in
- Another observation.
Last updates and additions: 2017.09.21
Remarks on reports submitted for the 28th ITTC
The following
- Remarks on ITTC Reports,
addressed at the Chairman of the Advisory Council,
will be continued as more Reports will be published for discussion
and may result in formal contributions to the Written Discussions.
Last update and additions: 2017.08.15
Up to date no further pertinent Committee Reports have been found.
Last update and additions: 2017.09.15
A personal and substantial contribution
On symbols and terminology
My following mail on
- Symbols and terminology ,
is a contribution to the work of the 28th ITTC Quality Systems
Group, concerning the formidable task faced to address and
accommodate dedicated, rule driven terminologies, that have
been developed, e. g. for
- powering trials and monitoring,
and will have to be developed as necessary.
Last update and additions: 2017.05.19
Groups concerned alerted
The following mails served to alert groups concerned with ship
powering trials and monitoring, Committees of the 28th ITTC,
to be held at Wuxi, and memberships of model basins in particular.
The following mail by John Hoyt III, alerting his colleagues at the
- NSWC Carderock,
explicitly contained my original
- Call for contributions.
Last update and additions: 2017.05.19
First entries
Call for contributions,
results of tests in particular.
The following
- Call for contributions,
addressed to my colleagues and friends are repeating my
invitation to take part in the joint development of robust,
reliable procedures for identifying the powering performance
of ships on model and full scale in the same way,
urgently needed to meet todays requirements.
Last update and additions: 2017.05.02
From METEOR 1988 to ANONYMA and further
Publication of a 'Festschrift'
Triggered by various discussions on occasion of the 27th ITTC an
- Explanatory letter
on ship theory and paradigms has been written and is published here,
inviting further discussions.
Last update and additions: 2014.09.26
On occasion of the 27th International Towing Tank Conference
2014, held at Copenhagen August 31 to September 05, a
- Second Volume
of the 'Festschrift' celebrating the anniversary
of my quasi-steady propulsion tests with the German
research vessel METEOR has been published, based on
the work mostly originated since the STG Meeting
at Hamburg in 2013 and also documented further down in
this Section 'News on ship powering trials' on my website.
As sort of executive summary of both volumes a
- Leaflet
has been published and distributed.
Last update and additions: 2014.08.29
On the occasion of the Annual Meeting of STG 2013
at Berlin the anniversary of my propulsion tests
with the research vessel METEOR in the Greenland Sea
in 1988 and my conception of a rational evaluation
of ship powering trials in 1998 have been celebrated
by the publication of the
- First Volume
of a 'Festschrift' based on the work originated in 2013
and documented in the earlier sections.
For ready reading and reference the pdf file may be printed
as DIN A5 brochure, in view of the 'volume'
conveniently at a copy shop, and in view of the costs
in black and white as the volumes distributed
at the Annual Meeting of STG.
Evident mistakes in the layout of the latter have been
'repaired'and some remarks concerning related work
on monitoring have been added.
Last update and additions: 2014.08.20
The abstract and presentation of Dr. Hollenbach at the Annual
Meeting, concerning a paper not available for discussion,
has triggered the following
- related remarks.
In the oral discussion all contributors agreed,
that the whole business of 'correlation' suffers
from the acknowledged lack of a generally accepted
'code' for the 'evaluation' of trials.
The written contribution distributed at the Annual Meeting
has subsequently been modified to account for its short oral
presentation by the author (in red) and by the Chairman
of the Scientific Committee (in blue) to the
- 'reduced' contribution.
Last update and additions: 2013.12.10
In the meantime Dr. Hollenbach was permitted to provide
the trials data of the joint project of HSVA and SSPA
for independent analysis to be performed as soon
as my time permits.
Last update and additions: 2014.01.20
On quasi-steady trials and monitoring
The complete set of Mathcad programmes concerning
the quasi-steady 'model' trial and monitoring are published
as work in progress for discussion and corrections,
if any necessary:
- Basic data,
- Routines,
- Test data,
- 'Model' trial,
and last, but not least, an up-date of the programme
for the identification of the current in the tank
- Tank current.
Last update and additions: 2014.08.29
Finally a routine for the identification of the current, necessary
for applications of quasi-steady trials and monitoring full scale,
has been developed and successfully tested on model scale.
The 'exciting' result has been brought to the attention of colleagues
concerned by the following news flash
- Current in towing tank identified,
although the routine requires further development, at least for the delicate
application on model scale.
Last update and additions: 2014.08.20
The revised results of the 'model' trial have been brought to the attention
of many colleagues worldwide with the following
- newsletter on steady and quasi-steady trials,
maybe 'finally' prompting one or the other colleague to try the dramatic advantage
and 'efficiency' of quasi-steady testing model and/or full scale.
Last update and additions: 2014.05.02
Earlier results of the basic exercise have been felt to be unsatisfacory
as far as the propulsive efficiency was concerned. Thus the analysis
has again been scrutinised and a 'simple', not to say 'stupid' error
in data transmission has been found to have caused the unexplained
discrepancies and the various 'resulting' speculations concerning
their possible reasons.
Now the results of the
- analysis of 'model'trial corrected
are 'accidentally' in perfect accordance with those of the traditional analysis.
Last update and additions: 2014.04.24
In order to demonstrate the feasibiliy and efficiency
of quasi-steady powering trials and monitoring
I have drafted the following
- basic 'model' trial
based on the data of an earlier
- basic 'model' test,
the discussion documented in great detail under
'News on ship propulsion in general'.
With the following
- cover letter
I have brought my exercise to the attention of
all members of the ITTC Committees concerned
and of my friends and fans.
Shortly afterwards I received and answered
- Fragen von Dr. Wagner.
As the arguments exchanged are of general interest
an English summary will (have to) be drafted.
The following short note,
- ein Kurzbericht,
invites colleagues to join in the discussion and
the development of quasi-steady testing of ship
powering performance.
Last update and additions: 2013.09.03
PATEs: Post-ANONYMA Trial Evaluations
Two sister ships in the East China Sea
The following documentations
- zu den ersten PATEs
and
- weiter zu den PATEs
of my continued correspondence with Dr. Hollenbach at HSVA
contain detailed explanations of 'considerable' general interest.
This applies in particular to my last letter, the translation
- On PATEs transl'd
published on occasion of the 27th ITTC at Copenhagen in Volume 2
of my Festschrift celebrating my quasi-steady trials with METEOR
in the the Greenland Sea 1988.
Last update and additions: 2014.08.20
In order to check the stability and objectivity of the rational
evaluation of trials, requiring no prior data, as it must be,
the data set of the first trial has been further reduced
to include only the data of three double runs, as usually performed.
The analysis
- PATE_01.3
shows that the rational procedure meets all requirements.
Last update and additions: 2014.04.11
The results of PATE_01 have triggered the request
for the evaluation of the trial with a sister ship
at the same loading condition, but at more 'ideal'
wind and sea conditions.
In the course of this exercise I have modified
the programm structure to permit ready comparisons
of the evaluations with various data sets and
subsequently the following files originated
- PATE_00.2,
- PATE_01.1,
- PATE_01.2,
- PATE_02.1,
- PATE_02.2.
The index 00 refers to the references, including
general remarks, concepts and their symbols,
units and, last but not least, the various general
routines developed.
The indices 01 and 02 refer to the trials of the same
including as before and its sister ship, respectively,
the latter subject to trials a fortnight earlier,
while the additional indices 1 and 2 refer to the number
of double runs at the lowest speeds considered
as outliers.
In case of index 2 the data sets are identically
the same as those analysed by an undisclosed
traditonal method.
The essential results of the exercise are highlighted
in the following
- Executive summary.
Further, remarks concerning the theoretical background
have been added in the file PATE_00.2.pdf.
Last update and additions: 2014.03.16
Following the presentation of the evaluation
of the ANONYMA trials another set of trial data
has been made available for independent analysis
and the permit to publish the results has been granted.
The following careful analysis
- PATE_01
is another example of the rational procedure promoted,
still subject to updates as necessary, required
and/or requested.
The state of development has been brought to the attention
of Mr. Tsuyoshi Ishiguro, in charge of the revision
of the standard ISO 15016, and subsequently of all the
Members of the ITTC Propulsion Committee and of the
ITTCSpecialists Committee on Powering of Ship in Service
in the following
- Open letter.
Last update and additions: 2014.02.23
Earlier publications on trials etc
On the occasion of the Annual Meeting of STG 2013 at Berlin
the anniversary of my tests with the research vessel METEOR
in the Greenland Sea in 1988 and my conception of
a rational evalution of ship powering trials in 1998 a
- Note on trials
has been published
This note is essentially the abstract of the short
- Paper on trials,
the draft published on my website already in mid-September
for discussion and in November
- on hansa-online,
also to be accessed via the following
- Link to the paper.
While finalising the draft for the editor I made
the satifying 'discovery', that in the meantime the
- ITTC finally abandoned the STA procedure,
and I brought this fact immediately to the attention
of my German colleagues,
- 'Waking the town and telling the people',
providing additional information concerning
- Fundamental insights? Copernican turns!
and, last but not least, updating the draft of
the paper accordingly.
Right after my above 'Paper on trials' had to be sent to the editor
Tsuyoshi Ishiguro of the Japan Marine United Corporation presented
a paper on the
- Current status on revision work of ISO15016 ...,
... for EEDI verification - Conduct and analysis procedure
of speed trial – ' at the 7th Asian Shipbuilding Experts’ Forum,
which November 7th to 8th, 2013, in Kobe.
This presentation, provided here for ready treference, has instantly
triggered my following
- Remarks concerning that revision of ISO 15016,
evidently still based on the obsolete version 2002-06 and the so called
'ITTC 2012 Guidelines'.
Last update and additions: 2013.11.15
Presentations on the ANONYMA trials
Discussions and presentations of the 'letter'
A first, raw
- draft presentation of the paper
to be published has been prepared for lectures at various occasions.
For convenient off-line reading the pdf file may be printed as DIN A5 brochure.
Use the landscape format to keep the margins all right, amply provided
for your notes, but do not turn the first output of the printer, even if requested!
Last update and additions: 2013.07.19
- Ongoing discussions
related to the first presentation at an internal seminar of ISM at TUB
will be documented topically.
[Later corrections and additions] in square brackets.
Last update and additions: 2013.07.23
A first, detailed
- discussion with Dott. Ing. Giulio Gennaro
provides additional explanations of the material forwarded in the following.
Last update and additions: 2013.06.01
A 'letter' on powering trials and monitoring
The 25th anniversary of my METEOR tests in the Greenland Sea
in November 1988 and two recent traditional trials with ANONYMA
in the Atlantic Ocean and my continued evaluations of the data recorded,
and, last but not least, the current discussions on acceptable standards
for the trustworthy assesssment of ship powering trials have triggered
the following draft of a paper on
- Future ship powering trials and monitoring now!
In addition to the documentary pdf-file the original doc-file
has been converted to a html-file as well,
- including live links to all material referred to.
Please let me know immediately, if any of the links happens not to work.
To cope with difficulties in uploading to the website, resulting in the loss
of all figures and other deficiencies, hyperlinks to the figures have been
introduced as simplest, first remedy.
The paper is my contribution to the discussion on the long overdue revision
of the error prone standard ISO 15016: 2002-06, and accordingly my draft
has been brought to the attention of many colleagues worldwide,
the members of the pertinent ITTC Committees in particular,
with the following introductory cover letter,
- inviting further pertinent, substantial contributions,
if any.
The evaluations of the ANONYMA trials data may be directly accessed
via the following links to the
- trial at the larger trim, evaluated first,
- trial at the smaller trim, evaluated next
(minor corrections of the titles on 2013.06.17)
and to the
- routines developed by the way.
The permission for publication of data and results granted by FutureShip,
Germanischer Lloyd Group, is gratefully acknowledged.
After this repeated, successful demonstration of the rational approach,
promoted and developed to maturity over the past fifteen years,
owners of other data may feel encouraged to ask for the analysis of their data
and to grant permission for publication of the results as well.
Last update and additions: 2013.05.20
On the evaluation of ship speed trials, cont'd
Various discussions
Very detailed elaborations on the 'principles' of evaluation of
ship speed trials are to be found in my earlier
- Brief an eine Studentin,
closely related to my letters to Peter Janich and Som Sharma
'On classical meta- an proto-Physics' to be found in the section
'News on general subjects'.
Last update and additions: 2013.02.04
The evaluation of traditional trials according to the proposal of the author
has been described and discussed by Dr.-Ing. Klaus Wagner, Rostock,
on pages 284-285 in his contribution to 'Handbuch Nautik II',
edited by Knud Benedict, Hochschule Wismar/Warnemünde, and Christoph Wand,
Jade Hochschule Elsfleth, and published by Seehafen Verlag, Hamburg 2011.
Last update and additions: 2011.11.08
During 2010 James F. Undén and Lars Lind, two students of Chalmers University
of Technology at Göteborg, have been working on their master thesis at SSPA,
implmenting the ISO 15016 procedure. In the course of that work quite a number
of mails have been exchanged with the author on various subjects, principles
as well as details. As none of the arguments of general interest found its way
into the thesis the
- Correspondence
is here published for ready reference.
Last update and additions: 2010.11.28
The latest developments have been summarized in the
- SP 2001 original paper
- SP 2001 paper with active links
- SP 2001 extended presentation,
presented and discussed
during the Lavrentiev Lectures Saint-Petersburg 2001,
at the International Symposium on Ship Propulsion,
held on June 19/21, 2001 at the
The Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University.
Formal as well as informal discussions are invited.
Subsequently an advanced German version has been prepared
for presentation at the Arbeitsbereiche Schiffbau Hamburg-Harburg
and, via video link, at the Institut für Schiffstechnik Duisburg
on January 11, 2002
- Handouts of a Lecture: Deutsch.
Most 'recent' developments
In the meantime most of the examples previously to be found
under the 'Recent papers: propulsion' are to be considered
as historical material and have been removed from the website,
but remain available on request.
Based on experience gained during the evaluation of further test cases,
the results of which may not be published (yet) for propriatory reasons,
further steps towards a rational standard have been summarized in a
- Memorandum
published in HANSA 143 (2006) 11, 34-38 on occassion
of the annual meeting of STG at Hamburg.
In view of the forthcoming update of ISO 15016: 2002-06
the author strongly recommends and promotes the timely discussion.
A second example incorporating the latest developments was under preparation,
but the analysis was discontinued due to the very poor quality of the data.
Last update and additions: 2007.01.19
On the evaluation of ship powering trials
The recent work on the evaluation of trials presented has been triggered
by the Japanese proposal of an ISO standard, which has since become
the standard ISO 15016: 2002-06 with the consent of experts worldwide
despite the deficiencies pointed out and the inconsistencies demonstrated,
beginning with the
- Cover letter
- ISO '98 Proposal
filed by JISC/JMSA under ISO/TC8/SC9/WG2/N28 dated 1998-06-23:
'Prof. Schmiechen's comments to ISO/TC8/SC9/WG2/N20, Informative'.
The earlier Example 1, TID = "4711",
and Example 2, TID = "Cap Domingo",
have been re-evaluated according to the experience
gained during the evaluation of the new examples
and are to be found among the new examples
under TID = "01010" and TID = "22010", respectively.
- STG '98 Discussion
- Logics: paper
- Logics: presentation
- Request for trial data
Further examples of rational evaluations up to 1999.02.09
previously to be found under the 'Recent papers: propulsion'
are to be considered as historical material and have been
removed from the website, but remain available on request.
See also:
- Further evaluation.
The following example
- 05010_data_orig,
05010_eval_rat
may still contain errors due to misinterpretations
of traditional sign conventions!
Last update and additions 1999.06.24.
The following .html file is a
- Summary
with links to all the foregoing material,
including the METEOR and CORSAIR tests.
Last update and additions 1999.06.18
The most up-to-date test-cases are
- 23010_re-eval_iso_fin4
- 23010_re-eval_iso_fin5
- 23010_re-eval_iso_fin6
- 23010_re-eval_iso_fin7
- 23010_re-eval_iso_fin8
containing the re-evaluation of the new ISO/CD 15016 example
with the reduction to the no-wind and no-waves condition
according to the rational method,
the last one including a statistical evaluation.
All this is to be considered as work in progress.
Last update and additions 1999.09.15.
Closely related to these test-cases are the
- Written Discussion
and its
- Presentation
on the Report of the 22nd ITTC
Specialist Committee on Trials and Monitoring.
Last update and additions 1999.08.30.
Particularly for my German colleagues are the
- Erläuterungen
of the rational procedure.
Last update and additions 1999.10.22
The following paper is the
- Rough Draft of a SNAME Paper
to be reconsidered for presentation
at the SNAME Annual Meeting 2001.
Last update and additions 1999.12.16
The following are the
- Handouts of a Lecture: English
on the evaluation of ship speed trials
according to the rational method proposed by the author
having been held in fall and winter 1999/2000 at the Universities
Berlin, Duisburg, Hamburg and Rostock.
The following raw update
- ISO '00 Proposal
of the earlier ISO '98 Proposal
for an alternative to the ISO/WD, now DIS, 15016
concerning the evaluation of ship speed trials
became necessary due to
the successful inclusion of the identification
of the required power and
the subsequently possible reduction to
the no wind and no wave condition,
as shown in the evaluation of the ISO example
- ISO/DIS 15016 example data
and the EVEREST test case produced by Prof. Tamura
- EVEREST test data analysed
- EVEREST test data scrutinized
and discussed in his paper:
'An Appraisal of Correction Methods of Wind and
Tidal Current Effects on Speed Trial Results of a Ship'.
Transactions West-Japan SNA (1999) No.97, 11-24.
After the detection of systematic inconsistencies
in the artificial EVEREST data the ISO/DIS 15016 example
has been revisited, which does not suffer from such
defects. In the 'final' evaluation
- ISO/DIS 15016 example
a random inconsistency in the data has been removed
as well as inconsistencies in the seakeeping model
and the corresponding program.
In the meantime the misprint suspected
in the ISO/DIS example has been confirmed,
details to be found in the following correspondence
- Mail of 28.02.2001,
- Mail of 26.03.2001,
- Mail of 09.05.2001,
- Mail of 12.05.2001,
- Mail of 12.05.2001,
- Mail of 01.06.2001,
- Mail of 04.06.2001.
The latest developments have been summarized in the
- SP 2001 original paper
- SP 2001 paper with active links
- SP 2001 extended presentation,
presented and discussed
during the Lavrentiev Lectures Saint-Petersburg 2001,
at the International Symposium on Ship Propulsion,
held on June 19/21, 2001 at the
The Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University.
In the meantime an advanced German version has been prepared
for presentation at the Arbeitsbereiche Schiffbau Hamburg-Harburg
and, via video link, at the Institut für Schiffstechnik Duisburg
on January 11, 2002:
- Handouts of a Lecture: Deutsch.
Last update and additions: 2002.02.21
In a seminar at the Gdansk Ship Model Basin on January 16-18, 2002,
not only the evaluation of ship speed trials but of ship model tests
has been treated in detail. Subsequently the re-evaluation of
- Quasisteady model tests
has been undertaken, which had been published earlier
in 'Wake and Thrust Deduction from Quasisteady
Ship Model Propulsion Tests Alone' on occasion of a visit
to Korean and Japanese ship research institutes
and the 18th ITTC at Kobe in October 1987
in commemoration of the 4th ITTC at Berlin in 1937.
The goal was to study the impact of the insights gained
over the past fifteen years and to provide an adequate basis
for the development of a rational scaling procedure,
which has been felt missing in the discussions at Gdansk.
During this work the document on
- Wake axioms
has been updated.
Last update: 2009.01.29